随着全球及国内洪水、干旱和热浪等极端天气事件频发，经济社会面临的障碍日益增多，提升气候风险适应能力的需求极为迫切。 然而，流向适应气候变化领域的资金增长缓慢，根据联合国环境规划署（UNEP）2023年发布的《适应性融资缺口报告》（Adaptation Gap Report 2023），全球适应资金缺口已扩大至每年1940亿至3660亿美元。中国同样面临此挑战，大部分气候投融资仍主要用于减缓行动，造成巨大的适应资金缺口，仅依赖财政资金难以填补。
因此，当前阶段开展适应气候变化资金需求及融资机制研究具有重要现实意义，它不仅有助于明确我国适应气候变化所需的投资方向、搭建资金桥梁以增强社会适应能力，更能助力协调经济发展与气候韧性建设。本研究通过对国内外适应资金需求测算理论与实践，以及对适应融资机制的设计与案例的系统性梳理和研究，旨在为我国梳理适应气候变化资金需求、探索可行性较高的融资机制探明方向和路径，为相关方完善适应融资机制提供政策建议。
Amid the increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, both globally and domestically, socio-economic systems face growing disruptions, making it a pressing need to enhance climate risk adaptation capacity. However, the growth of funding for climate change adaptation has been slow. According to the Adaptation Gap Report 2023 released by the United Nations Environment Programme, the global adaptation finance gap has widened to an annual range of $194 billion to $366 billion. China faces a similar challenge, as the majority of its climate investment and finance is still directed towards mitigation actions, leaving a significant adaptation finance gap that public funds alone cannot bridge. Consequently, research into the financial needs and financing mechanisms for climate change adaptation is of critical practical significance at this stage. It is crucial not only for clarifying China’s required investment directions and building financial bridges to enhance societal adaptation capacity, but also for aligning economic development with the construction of climate resilience. Through a systematic review and analysis of domestic and international theories, practices, and case studies on the assessment of adaptation finance needs and the design of financing mechanisms, this study aims to delineate a methodological framework for assessing adaptation finance needs in China, explore highly feasible financing mechanisms to identify clear directions and pathways, and provide policy recommendations for relevant stakeholders to enhance the adaptation finance framework.